Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Article

A Study of Mental Health Literacy Among North Korean Refugees in South Korea: Jin-Won Noh, Young Dae Kwon, Sieun Yu, Hyunchun Park, Jong-Min Woo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(1):62-71. Published online January 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.040

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Objectives
This study aimed to investigate North Korean refugees’ knowledge of mental illnesses and treatments and analyze the factors affecting this knowledge.
Methods
Subjects were selected via a snowball sampling method, and the survey outcomes of 152 North Korean refugee participants were analyzed. The factors affecting knowledge of mental illnesses were analyzed via a regression analysis by constructing a multivariate model with mental illness knowledge score as the dependent variable.
Results
The North Korean refugees’ mental illness scores ranged from 3 to 24 points, with an average score of 13.0. Regarding the factors that influence mental illness knowledge, the subjects with South Korean spouses and those who had spent more time in South Korea had higher knowledge scores. Furthermore, the subjects who considered the mental health of North Korean refugees to be a serious issue revealed lower knowledge scores than those who did not believe it was a serious issue. The subjects who visit psychiatric clinics showed higher knowledge scores than those who do not. The South Korean subjects who had at least a college education exhibited higher scores than did those without advanced education. The subjects who are satisfied with life in South Korea manifested a higher mental illness knowledge score than those who are not.
Conclusions
This study is significant as being the first study to ever measure and evaluate the level of North Korean refugees’ knowledge of mental illnesses. In addition, the evaluations of North Korean refugees’ mental illness knowledge and influencing factors while residing in South Korea created basic data that formed the foundation of an effort to enhance mental health literacy and provide proper mental health services. The results of this study can be utilized to solve mental health problems that might frequently occur during the unification process of North and South Korea in the future.

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Citations

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Üniversite öğrencilerinin ruh sağlığı okuryazarlık düzeyi: kesitsel bir çalışma
Bediye ÖZTAŞ, Nursemin ÜNAL, Zeynep ÖLÇER, Ayşe ÇAL, Günay HAZİR
TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 3(2): 198. CrossRef
A Walk-In Clinic for Newly Arrived Mentally Burdened Refugees: The Patient Perspective
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2275. CrossRef
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English Abstracts

The Determinants of the Use of Opportunistic Screening Programs in Korea.: Sungwook Kang, Chang Hoon You, Young Dae Kwon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(3):177-182.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.3.177

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Both organized and opportunistic screening programs have been widely used in Korea. This paper examined the determinants of the use of opportunistic screening programs in Korea. METHODS: The subjects were a national stratified random sample of 10,254 people aged 45 or older from the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2006. A logit model was used to examine the determinants of the use of opportunistic screening programs in terms of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the type of health insurance and the health status. RESULTS: Thirteen point seven percent of the individuals received opportunistic screening programs within 2 years from the time the survey was conducted in 2006. The individuals who graduated from college or who had even more education were 3.0 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs compared with the individuals who were illiterate. The individuals who resided in urban areas and who had religious beliefs were more likely to receive opportunistic screening programs compared with their counterparts. Those who were in the first quartile for the total household assets were 2.6 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs than those who were in the fourth quartile for the total household assets. Privately insured people were 1.6 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs than those who were not insured. Finally, the individuals who self-assessed their health status as worst were 2.1 times more likely to use opportunistic screening programs compared individuals who self-assessed their health status as best. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that opportunistic screening programs can be an indicator for whether or not an individual is among the advantaged group in terms of their socioeconomic characteristics and type of health insurance.

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A Multi-level Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation in Health Screenings in Korea: A Focus on Household and Regional Factors
So Yoon Park, Young-jeon Shin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2022; 55(2): 153. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Health Check-up and Cancer Screening Participation among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bomgyeol Kim, Yejin Lee, Jin-Won Noh, Tae Hyun Kim
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business.2019; 10(7): 71. CrossRef
Determinants of undergoing thyroid cancer screening in Korean women: a cross-sectional analysis from the K-Stori 2016
Ha Na Cho, Eunji Choi, Da Hea Seo, Boyoung Park, Sohee Park, Juhee Cho, Sue Kim, Yeong-Ran Park, Yumie Rhee, Kui Son Choi
BMJ Open.2019; 9(4): e026366. CrossRef
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Yunkyung Jung
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(1): 26. CrossRef
Effectiveness of workers’ general health examination in Korea by health examination period and compliance: retrospective cohort study using nationwide data
Huisu Eom, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Bohwa Choi, Soon Woo Park, Young Joong Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Perception about Age at the Start and End of Periodic Health Examinations: a Survey-based Study on University Hospital in Korea
Sujeong Shin, Yun-Mi Song, Hyeonyoung Ko, Yoon-Ho Choi, Woo Yong Lee, Son Mi Chung, Sunyoung Park, Insub Kim, Jinyoung Shin
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(3): 161. CrossRef
Determinants of the Use and Type of Comprehensive Medical Examination Services
Kwan-Sik Moon, Yang-Kyun Kim, Hye-Jung Chang
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(2): 83. CrossRef
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Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(1): 383. CrossRef
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Health Policy and Management.2014; 24(2): 172. CrossRef
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Yun Ho Roh
Health Policy and Management.2013; 23(2): 162. CrossRef
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Hyeongsu Kim, Minjung Lee, Haejoon Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Vitna Kim, Jun Pyo Myong, Soyoun Jeon
Asian Nursing Research.2013; 7(2): 67. CrossRef
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Beomseok Suh, Dong Wook Shin, So Young Kim, Jae-Hyun Park, Weon Young Chang, Seung Pyung Lim, Chang-Yeol Yim, Be-Long Cho, Eun-Cheol Park, Jong-Hyock Park
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The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine.2009; 219(3): 223. CrossRef

Impact of an Early Hospital Arrival on Treatment Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.: Young Dae Kwon, Sung Sang Yoon, Hyejung Chang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):130-136.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.130

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Recent educational efforts have concentrated on patient's early hospital arrival after symptom onset. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival and to investigate its relation with clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A prospective registry of patients with signs or symptoms of acute ischemic stroke, admitted to the OO Medical Center through emergency room, was established from September 2003 to December 2004. The interval betwee symptom onset and hospital arrival was recorded for each eligible patient and analyzed together with clinical characteristics, medication type, severity of neurologic deficits, and functional outcomes. RESULTS: Based on the data of 256 patients, the median interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival was 13 hours, and 22% of patients were admitted to the hospital within 3 hours after symptom onset. Patients of not-mild initial severity and functional status showed significant differences between arrival hours of 0-3 and later than 3 in terms of their functional outcomes on discharge. Logistic regression models also showed that arrival within 3 hours was a significant factor influencing functional outcome (OR=5.6; 95% CI=2.1, 15.0), in addition to patient's initial severity, old age, cardioembolism subtype, and referral to another hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The time interval between symptom onset and hospital arrival significantly influenced treatment outcome for patients with acute ischemic stroke, even after controlling for other significant clinical characteristics. The findings provided initiatives for early hospital arrival of patients and improvement of emergency medical system.

Summary

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Computer Aided Diagnosis Applications for the Differential Diagnosis of Infarction: Apply on Brain CT Image
Hyong-Hu Park, Mun-Joo Cho, In-Chul Im, Jin-Soo Lee
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The Visiting Time of Acute Cerebral Stroke Patients in a City and Its Influencing Factors
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Original Articles

Severity-Adjusted Mortality Rates: The Case of CABG Surgery.: Hyeung Keun Park, Hyeongsik Ahn, Young Dae Kwon, You Cheol Shin, Jin Seok Lee, Hae Joon Kim, Moon Jun Sohn; Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(1):21-27.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To develop a model that will predict the mortality of patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and evaluate the performance of hospitals. METHODS: Data from 564 CABGs performed in six general hospitals were collected through medical record abstraction by registered nurses. Variables studied involved risk factors determined by severity measures. Risk modeling was performed through logistic regression and validated with cross-validation. The statistical performance of the developed model was evaluated using c-statistic, R2, and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Hospital performance was assessed by severity-adjusted mortalities. RESULTS: The developed model included age, sex, BUN, EKG rhythm, Congestive Heart Failure at admission, acute mental change within 24 hours, and previous angina pectoris history. The c-statistic and R2 were 0.791 and 0.101, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was 10.3(p value=0.2415). One hospital had a significantly higher mortality rate than the average mortality rate, while others were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Comparing the quality of service by severity adjusted mortality rates, there were significant differences in hospital performance. The severity adjusted mortality rate of CABG surgery may be an indicator for evaluating hospital performance in Korea.; Summary

Estimating the Disability Weight of Major Cancers in Korea Using Delphi Method.: Seok Jun Yoon, Young Dae Kwon, Byoung Yik Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(4):409-414.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To estimate the weighting for the disability caused by major cancers in Korea using the Delphi method. METHODS: We selected 19 panelists to estimate the disability weighting of major cancers in Korea by using the Delphi method. To select the relevant kinds of cancers, we used National Death Certificate Data produced by the National Statistical Office in 1996. Then the stability of each delphi round was calculated by using the coefficient of variance. RESULTS: The disability weight of major cancers for males was pancreas cancer(0.36), liver cancer(0.35), esophageal cancer(0.30), stomach cancer(0.27), lung cancer(0.26), and colorectal cancer(0.30). The disability weight of major cancers for females was pancreas cancer(0.36), liver cancer(0.34), esophageal cancer(0.29), stomach cancer(0.28), lung cancer(0.26), and colorectal cancer(0.28). CONCLUSION: The results of this study will provide baseline data useful for the measurement of the burden of disease caused by cancers in Korea.; Summary

Performance Evaluation of Emergency Medical Center.: Chul Hwan Kang, Yoon Kim, Pyung Soo Lee, Young Dae Kwon, Chang Yup Kim, Young Soo Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):884-892.

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Abstract PDF: Currently, there are 100 community emergency centers which expect to provide professional emergency care like Level 1 trauma centers in U.S.A. To evaluate Performance of emergency center, most studies have been widely adopted death rate based methods such as Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) and A Severity Characterization of Trauma(ASCOT). However, these methods are only applicable in situation where registration process of trauma patients is well established. Therefore, an alternative method should be applied to evaluate performance of emergency centers in Korea which does not have well-developed registration scheme. This study aims to develop new performance measures which are applicable to Korea and evaluate performance of 35 community emergency centers through new measures. The new measures are included that 'W-statistic' ; death rate calculated on the basis of International Classification based Injury Severity Score(ICISS), and 'the degree of severity' ; rate of severe trauma patients of each emergency medical centers. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, about 34% of sample emergency centers show they provide proper care in terms of their function. Second, tertiary hospitals, university hospitals, and hospitals located in Seoul show higher severity degree of patients and lower severity-adjusted death rate.; Summary

An analysis an dassessment of diagnostic and therapeutic process in some freqent admissions and operations.: Chang Yup Kim, Yoon Kim, Young Dae Kwon, Yong Ik Kim, Young Soo Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(3):400-411.

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study is to analyze the variations among hospitals and hospital groups in resource use and procedures of diagnostic and therapeutic process, such as laboratory tests, radiologic examinations, tissue diagnosis, timing of surgery after admission, the time required for operation. The study was performed for five procedures including cesarean section(C/S), appendectomy, cholecystectomy, cataract extraction, and pediatric pneumonia. The 2,316 subjects were selected from medical insurance claims list, and from this list 413 cases were sampled for medical record review. The patterns of resource utilization and process of treatment were described according to hospitals and characteristics of hospital groups. The major results were as follows: 1. The numbers of laboratory and radiologic tests showed significant difference among hospitals and hospital groups. In case of hospital groups, we could find tendencies of more tests with increasing hospital bed size. 2. In general, the proportion of operative cases evaluated by tissue diagnosis postoperatively among all operations ranged from 28.3% to 1005. The proportion varied among hospital groups, of which general hospital A group(more than 15 specially) showed the highest proportion. 3. Post-admission delay until operation and the time required for operative procedure were not invariable among hospitals and hospital groups. The duration of operation in tertiary hospitals was slightly shorter than general hospitals, with varying statistical significance. We could find that probably there were differences of quality among hospitals in some components of procedures, which suggested that the implementation of quality assurance activities would be mandatory. In this study, we simply described the patterns of resource utilization and some features of clinical process, with institution of the need for advanced studies with in-depth analyses for each component of diagnosis and treatment procedures.; Summary

An Appropriateness Evaluation of Cesarean Section, Cholecystectomy, and Admission in Pediatric Pneumonia.: Chang Yup Kim, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Young Seong Lee, Young Dae Kwon, Yong Ik Kim, Young Soo Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 1992;25(4):413-428.

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of some kinds of surgery and admission, such as cesarean section (C/S), cholecystectomy, and pediatric pneumonia. For appropriateness evaluation, we ourselves developed some criteria, which were included in the category of explicit and linear criteria, with the assistance of specialists of relevant clinical field. The evaluation of appropriateness was performed by two family physicians. The major findings were as follows: 1. For ceserean section, 77.6% of deliveries were determined to be 'appropriate', but the level of appropriateness was not significantly different among hospitals between hospital groups by size. The most frequent indication of C/S was repeated operation, followed by cephalopelvic disproportion(CPD). The labor trials for vaginal delivery among repeated C/S and CPD cases were performed in 24.5% of pertinent deliveries. 2. About 73.8% of cholecystectomy cases was appropriate to one of the surgical indications, without significant differences among hospitals. Of surgical indications, 'sufficiently frequent and intense symptom recurrence' was the most frequent, and 'confirmed acute cholecystitis' was the second. 3. Of children admitted due to pneumonia, only 57.4% of cases satisfied admission criteria, and the level of appropriateness of admission was different among hospitals. The common reasons for admission were 'failure to initial treatment', 'suspected bacterial pnermonia', 'young infant', etc. We could find that there were differences of quality among hospitals in some procedures, especially in the pediatric pneumonia and labor trial before C/S, which suggested that the implementation of quality assurance activities would be necessary in this country. In this study, we used some simple and primitive research tools and the numbers of subjects and tracer procedures were limited. So advanced studies with plentiful subjects and more representative diseases or procedures should be tried.; Summary

Validation Studies

Comparing the Performance of Three Severity Scoring Systems for ICU Patients: APACHE III, SAPS II, MPM II.: Eun Kyung Kim, Young Dae Kwon, Jeong Hae Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(3):276-282.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the predictive validity of three scoring systems; the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II, and mortality probability model (MPM) II systems in critically ill patients. METHODS: A concurrent and retrospective study conducted by collecting data on consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) including surgical, medical and coronary care unit between January 1, 2004, and March 31, 2004. Data were collected on 348 patients consecutively admitted to the ICU (aged 16 years or older, no transfer, ICU stay at least 8 hours). Three models were analyzed using logistic regression. Discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rate. Calibration was assessed using the Lemeshow-Hosmer goodness of fit H-statistic. RESULTS: For the APACHE III, SAPS II and MPM II systems, the area under the receiver operating characterist ic (ROC) curves were 0.981, 0.978, and 0.941 respectively. With a predicted risk of 0.5, the sensitivities for the APACHE III, SAPS II, and MPM II systems were 81.1, 79.2 and 71.7%, the specificities 98.3, 98.6, and 98.3%, and the correct classification rates 95.7, 95.7, and 94.3%, respectively. The SAPS II and APACHE III systems showed good calibrations (chi-squared H=2.5838 p=0.9577 for SAPS II, and chi-squared H=4.3761 p=0.8217 for APACHE III). CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE III and SAPS II systems have excellent powers of mortality prediction, and calibration, and can be useful tools for the quality assessment of intensive care units (ICUs).; Summary

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